• Erin's Challenge: This site, created by the Japan Foundation, is for high school students, so all the videos relate to high school life. That might be a bit annoying for university students, but the look inside Japanese high school life is more interesting than annoying. The videos alone are worth a look, but the materials that supplement the videos are amazing.
• Irasshai: A video series for high school, created in the late 1990s by Georgia Public Broadcasting. It is a distance learning Japanese course that the Georgia Virtual School still uses. Taught by Tim Cook, an emmy-award winning instructor.
• NihongoCast: These videos were part of a defunct online Japanese course at UAB. Unlike Erin's Challenge and Irasshai, which had production budgets into the millions of dollars, NihongoCast had a budget of approximately zero. In particular, the audio is often annoying. Also taught by Tim Cook.

• Interactive Hiragana Table
  • The 46 Basic Hiragana: By hovering over the hiragana characters in this chart, you can see the correct stroke order for writing them. If you click on them, you can hear them pronounced, along with some words that have that hiragana in them.
  • Dakuon and Handakuon: This chart is of all the hiragana that change pronunciation when you put two dots (dakuon) or a little circle (handakuon) next to them. Click on them to hear them pronounced.
  • Yōon: This chart is all the hiragana that change pronunciation when you add a small "ya" (や), "yu" (ゆ), or "yo" (よ) next to them. These are called "yōon" (ようおん) in Japanese. For example, "ki" (き) and a small "ya" (や) make "kya" (きゃ).
• KanaTeacher: This site has all the hiragana off to the side, so if you’re stumped, you can easily look there, but the point is that you’re not supposed to. It also has katakana. Click “all” under hiragana in order to practice the hiragana with dots and circles and small ゃゅょcombinations. You may want to uncheck the second “ja ju jo” line because any words you may have to read with those spellings (e.g., janai) are written with the first row of “ja ju jo” (e.g., じゃない). This will make sense when you see the website.
• Hiragana Practice: You drag the hiragana to their roomaji equivalent. If you’re right, they’ll stick there; if you’re wrong, they won’t. Start with the ones you know. There’s a timer with it so you can compare yourself from one time to the next. Source: California State University-Sacramento.
• Katakana Practice: You drag the katakana to their roomaji equivalent. If you’re right, they’ll stick there; if you’re wrong, they won’t. Start with the ones you know. There’s a timer with it so you can compare yourself from one time to the next. Source: California State University-Sacramento.
• Hiragana Quiz: This is a universal flash Japanese kana quiz tool. It can be used to test your knowledge of hiragana and katakana. It starts in hiragana to romaji mode, which can be changed by selecting "options" and clicking on the text "hiragana" or "romaji". if you click on the wrong answer, it won’t let you continue until you click on the right answer.
• Comparison between Hiragana and Katakana: Some katakana look like the corresponding hiragana, but many of them are different. Hiragana often have round curves, and katakana often have straight lines.
• Hiragana Chart: A chart with the perfect way to write handwritten hiragana, along with the correct stroke order. This site presents the print form of hiragana, which is sometimes different than the handwritten form. The handwritten forms to be careful with are き and さ (in print form here because this is a computer). This is intended for Japanese children (thus, the images from Thomas the Tank Engine), but all beginners start from the same place.
• Katakana Chart: A chart with the perfect way to write handwritten katakana, along with the correct stroke order. This site presents the print form of hiragana, which is sometimes different than the handwritten form. The handwritten forms to be careful with are き and さ (in print form here because this is a computer). This is intended for Japanese children (thus, the images from Thomas the Tank Engine), but all beginners start from the same place.

Chinese Etymology: By "etymology", the author of this site means the origins of kanji, which of course are in China. Sometimes knowing the origin of a kanji makes it easier to remember, but other times, just makes it even more confusing than it already is. The first known kanji (called "hanzi" in Chinese, meaning "Han letters") were carved onto bone and turtle shells in the second millenium BCE and had something to do with divination. Their meanings, along with their connection to modern kanji, are sometimes easy to figure out (e.g., 田 meaning "rice paddy," derived from an image of a rice paddy from above), but sometimes the connection between the picture and the meaning is very obscure, or in many cases, totally lost to history. In other cases, the picture origin of a kanji was entirely unrelated to the meaning of the kanji, but the word for that picture sounded similar to the word that the kanji represented. It's enough to make Japanese shake their heads in dispair, so you would be forgiven if you find yourself not getting as much from kanji origins as you thought you might. If you want to try using this site, enter a kanji in the box next to the "Etymology" button on the left side of the page, then click the button. The kanji origin will be explained in the box to the right, often in cryptic technical terms.

Kanji Sodoku: You've probably heard of sudoku by now. They're these addictive number puzzles that ordinarily use roman numerals, but there's no reason why they can't use numbers in kanji to satisfy your addiction while practicing kanji at the same time. Here is an example of a sudoku puzzle in kanji:


The object is to fill in the blanks with numbers, 一 to 九, such that each numbers appears only once in each row, each column, and each 9-box sub-square. For example, in the puzzle above, look at the empty yellow box in the lower left. You'll see that you could not write 一 there because that kanji already appears in the same column. Couldn't write 二 because it's in the same row. 三 is in the same row, same column, and same sub-square, so that's out. 四: same column and row. 五： same column. 六： same sub-square. 七： hmm, this one's a possibility. 八： same row and sub-square. 九： same row. So that just leave one number it could possibly be: 七. The more you find like that, the more you can find others until you finish filling in the whole thing.

You can find other kanji sodoku puzzles through online searches. There are also some print books.

Rikaichan: a browser add-on that makes it so easy to read Japanese, it almost feels like cheating. In fact, that's one of its drawbacks. It's so easy to look up words that it makes it easy to forget what you looked up. You just hover over a Japanese word on a webpage and the definition instantly appears. With Rikaichan, you can plow into Japanese websites with abandon and learn as many new words as you have the stamina to learn. And it's entirely free. They do have a donate button in case you're so inclined.

Rikaichan works in several browsers, but not in Internet Explorer. It is designed to run in Firefox, Thunderbird, and Seamonkey. There are no instructions on the Rikaichan website, but you have to download and install both the add-on itself and the Japanese-English dictionary (or Japanese and any other language dictionary you want). It's recommended that you also install the Japanese Names file because otherwise the program won't tell you what Japanese names are.

About the name: Rikai means "understanding" and chan is a diminutive form of the title san, used for children or people you find endearing. So you could clumsily translate it as "Mr. Understanding."

Typing Japanese is basically typing roomaji. You just have to make your computer understand that that's what you're doing. CosCom provides software that will allow you to type in Japanese without having a Japanese keyboard. If you have the ability to install programs on your computer, find the pograms here:

• Windows: Download Input Method Editor (IME)
• Mac: Download Kotoeri

For a long time, Japanese electronic dictionaries were the must-have item for serious students of Japanese, but nowadays, most of those functions can be found on a phone app for free or cheap — assuming you have a smartphone. A dictionary app should translate words from English to Japanese and the other way around, but also give you example sentences so that you can see the word in context. Here are some reviews for both Android and iPhone apps.

Android

• JED - Japanese Dictionary: Free app. According the Ishikawa JET Blog, it's the most popular dictionary app for Android, but it's not optimized for newer phones. You can find other well-reviewed dictionaries in the Google store.

• Imiwa?: Free app. Cool feature: If you press down on a word or sentence, it will play it for you. It does not have a real human voice, but the pronunciation is pretty close.
• Midori: Paid app ($9.99). Cool feature: If you come across a kanji you don't know, you can write it on your phone and it will tell you what it is. However, you have to know the correct stroke order. The more you become familiar with kanji, the more you can figure out the stroke order even of kanji you don't know. {/slider}

• grammarvideoforgenki.com
• genki.japantimes.co.jp (Self-study room)
• web.stanford.edu/~tsengiku/JPNlinks/home.html

• DuoLingo : Japanese vocabulary
• Kana Bimoji