Research & Scholarly Activity

Through laboratory and clinical research our faculty and postdoctoral students are expanding knowledge and exploring new treatments. Current projects include:

  • The use of contemporary molecular microbiological approaches to characterize endodontic microflora and its association with outcomes of regenerative endodontic therapy.
  • Molecular and clinical characterization of symptomatic and asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis.
  • Identifying the association of chronic systemic diseases and the use of long-term systemic medications with the prevalence, pathogenesis and healing of apical periodontitis.
  • The effectiveness of antibiotics and the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in spreading endodontic infections.
  • The disruption of Endodontists’ practice by the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • Aerosol generation patterns and reduction during endodontic access preparations.
  • Evaluation of dynamic guidance in endodontic microsurgery.
  • The effectiveness of topical antimicrobial agents for endodontic infections.
  • The role of chewing forces in the dissemination of endodontic microflora.

Department Publications

  • 2017 - 2021
    • Nosrat A, Dianat O, Verma P, Yu P, Wu D, Fouad AF. Endodontics Specialists' Practice during the Initial Outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019. J Endod. 2022 Jan;48(1):102-108. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.09.015. Epub 2021 Oct 6. PMID: 34626613; PMCID: PMC8493639.
    • Pigg M, Duncan HF, Nagendrababu V, Abbott P, Fouad AF, Kruse C, Patel S, Rechenberg DK, Dummer PM. Preferred Reporting Items for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies in ​Endodontics (PRIDASE): Guidance to improve manuscripts assessing the diagnostic accuracy of procedures, techniques and devices. Int Endod J. 2021 Jul;54(7):1005-1007. doi: 10.1111/iej.13539. PMID: 34089630.
    • Yoo YJ, Perinpanayagam H, Choi Y, Gu Y, Chang SW, Baek SH, Zhu Q, Fouad AF, Kum KY. Characterization of Histopathology and Microbiota in Contemporary Regenerative Endodontic Procedures: Still Coming up Short. J Endod. 2021 May 25:S0099-2399(21)00367-8. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.05.006. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34044040.
    • Yip N, Liu C, Wu D, Fouad AF. The association of apical periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A large hospital network cross-sectional case-controlled study. J Am Dent Assoc. 2021 Jun;152(6):434-443. doi: 10.1016/j.adaj.2021.01.005. Epub 2021 Mar 29. PMID: 33795142.
    • Zhao D, Yu J, Zhang T, Du M, Yang Q, Li Z, Fouad AF. Impact of COVID-19 on advanced dental education: Perspectives of dental residents in Wuhan. J Dent Educ. 2021 Jun;85(6):756-767. doi: 10.1002/jdd.12570. Epub 2021 Feb 26. PMID: 33638235; PMCID: PMC8013597.
    • Nagendrababu V, Abbott P, Duncan HF, Fouad AF, Kruse C, Patel S, Pigg M, Rechenberg DK, Dummer PMH. Preferred Reporting Items for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies in Endodontics (PRIDASE) guidelines: a development protocol. Int Endod J. 2021 Jul;54(7):1051-1055. doi: 10.1111/iej.13497. Epub 2021 Mar 4. PMID: 33583062.
    • Weintraub JA, Quinonez RB, Smith AJT, Ciarrocca K, Fouad AF, Shazib MA, Kraszeski MM, Rankin DB, Matthews NS. Responding to a pandemic: Development of the Carolina Dentistry Virtual Oral Health Care Helpline. J Am Dent Assoc. 2020 Nov;151(11):825-834. doi: 10.1016/j.adaj.2020.08.003. PMID: 33121604.
    • Aminoshariae A, Kulild J, Fouad AF. The impact of cardiovascular disease and endodontic outcome: a systematic review of longitudinal studies. Clin Oral Investig. 2020 Nov;24(11):3813-3819. doi: 10.1007/s00784-020-03596-8. Epub 2020 Sep 23. PMID: 32965589.
    • Fouad AF. Contemporary Microbial and Antimicrobial Considerations in Regenerative Endodontic Therapy. J Endod. 2020 Sep;46(9S):S105-S114. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.06.030. PMID: 32950182.
    • Yu J, Hua F, Shen Y, Haapasalo M, Qin D, Zhao D, Peng B, Fouad AF. Resumption of Endodontic Practices in COVID-19 Hardest-Hit Area of China: A Web-based Survey. J Endod. 2020 Aug 18;46(11):1577–1583.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.08.001. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32818564; PMCID: PMC7431398.
    • Levin L, Day PF, Hicks L, O'Connell A, Fouad AF, Bourguignon C, Abbott PV. International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: General introduction. Dent Traumatol. 2020 Aug;36(4):309-313. doi: 10.1111/edt.12574. Epub 2020 Jun 22. PMID: 32472740.
    • Bourguignon C, Cohenca N, Lauridsen E, Flores MT, O'Connell AC, Day PF, Tsilingaridis G, Abbott PV, Fouad AF, Hicks L, Andreasen JO, Cehreli ZC, Harlamb S, Kahler B, Oginni A, Semper M, Levin L. International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: 1. Fractures and luxations. Dent Traumatol. 2020 Aug;36(4):314-330. doi: 10.1111/edt.12578. Epub 2020 Jul 17. PMID: 32475015.
    • Fouad AF, Abbott PV, Tsilingaridis G, Cohenca N, Lauridsen E, Bourguignon C, O'Connell A, Flores MT, Day PF, Hicks L, Andreasen JO, Cehreli ZC, Harlamb S, Kahler B, Oginni A, Semper M, Levin L. International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: 2. Avulsion of permanent teeth. Dent Traumatol. 2020 Aug;36(4):331-342. doi: 10.1111/edt.12573. Epub 2020 Jun 13. PMID: 32460393.
    • Day PF, Flores MT, O'Connell AC, Abbott PV, Tsilingaridis G, Fouad AF, Cohenca N, Lauridsen E, Bourguignon C, Hicks L, Andreasen JO, Cehreli ZC, Harlamb S, Kahler B, Oginni A, Semper M, Levin L. International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: 3. Injuries in the primary dentition. Dent Traumatol. 2020 Aug;36(4):343-359. doi: 10.1111/edt.12576. PMID: 32458553.
    • Nagendrababu V, Duncan HF, Fouad AF, Kirkevang LL, Parashos P, Pigg M, Vaeth M, Jayaraman J, Dummer PMH. Preferred Reporting items for OBservational studies in Endodontics (PROBE) guidelines: a development protocol. Int Endod J. 2020 Sep;53(9):1199-1203. doi: 10.1111/iej.13318. Epub 2020 Jun 1. PMID: 32365401.
    • Baras BH, Melo MAS, Thumbigere-Math V, Tay FR, Fouad AF, Oates TW, Weir MD, Cheng L, Xu HHK. Novel Bioactive and Therapeutic Root Canal Sealers with Antibacterial and Remineralization Properties. Materials (Basel). 2020 Mar 1;13(5):1096. doi: 10.3390/ma13051096. PMID: 32121595; PMCID: PMC7084849.
    • Fouad AF, Khan AA, Silva RM, Kang MK. Genetic and epigenetic characterization of pulpal and periapical inflammation. Frontiers in Physiology; 2020 (11) 21. Epub 2020/03/03. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00021. PubMed PMID: 32116745; PMCID: PMC7010935.
    • Tampi MP, Pilcher L, Urquhart O, Kennedy E, O'Brien KK, Lockhart PB, Abt E, Aminoshariae A, Durkin MJ, Fouad AF, Gopal P, Hatten BW, Lang MS, Patton LL, Paumier T, Suda KJ, Cho H, Carrasco-Labra A. Antibiotics for the urgent management of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis, symptomatic apical periodontitis, and localized acute apical abscess: Systematic review and meta-analysis-a report of the American Dental Association. J Am Dent Assoc. 2019 Dec;150(12): e179-e216. doi: 0.1016/j.adaj.2019.09.011. Review. PubMed PMID: 31761029.
    • Lockhart PB, Tampi MP, Abt E, Aminoshariae A, Durkin MJ, Fouad AF, Gopal P, Hatten BW, Kennedy E, Lang MS, Patton LL, Paumier T, Suda KJ, Pilcher L, Urquhart O, O'Brien KK, Carrasco-Labra A. Evidence-based clinical practice guideline on antibiotic use for the urgent management of pulpal- and periapical-related dental pain and intraoral swelling: A report from the American Dental Association. J Am Dent Assoc. 2019 Nov;150(11):906-921.e12. doi: 10.1016/j.adaj.2019.08.020. PubMed PMID: 31668170.
    • Nagendrababu V, Segura-Egea JJ, Fouad AF, Pulikkotil SJ, Dummer PMH. Association between diabetes and the outcome of root canal treatment in adults: An umbrella review (PROSPERO # CRD42019141684) Int Endod; 2019 Nov 13. doi: 10.1111/iej.13253. PubMed PMID: 31721243
    • Fouad AF. Microbiological Aspects of Traumatic Injuries. J Endod. 2019 Dec; 45(12S): S39-S48. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2019.05.011. Epub 2019 Oct 14. PubMed PMID: 31623904.
    • Fouad AF. Microbiological aspects of traumatic injuries. Dent Traumatol. 2019 Dec;35(6):324-332. doi: 10.1111/edt.12494. Epub 2019 Oct 14. Review. PubMed PMID: 31125490. (Article reprinted in both journals, Proceedings of the World Dental Trauma Conference 2018).
    • Payne LA, Tawil PZ, Phillips C, Fouad AF. Resilon: Assessment of Degraded Filling Material in Non-healed Cases. J Endod. 2019 Jun;45(6):691-695. PubMed PMID: 31005333.
    • Baras BH, Wang S, Melo MS, Tay F, Fouad AF, Arola DD, Weir MD, Xu HHK. Novel Bioactive Root Canal Sealer with Antibiofilm and Remineralization Properties. J Dent 2019: Apr; 83:67-76. Epub 2019/02/27. doi: 10.1016/j.dent.2019.02.006. PubMed PMID: 30825569.
    • Strange KA, Tawil PZ, Phillips C, Walia HD, Fouad AF. Long Term Outcomes of Endodontic Treatment Performed with Resilon/Epiphany. J Endod 2019: May;45(5):507-512. Epub 2019/03/25. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2019.01.019. PubMed PMID: 30905575.
    • Nakashima, M; Iohara, K; Bottino, M, Fouad, AF; Nor, J; Huang, G. Animal models for stem cell-based pulp regeneration: Foundation for human clinical applications. Tissue Eng Part B Rev. 2019 Apr;25(2):100-113. PubMed PMID: 30284967.
    • Alghofaily M, Tordik P, Romberg E, Martinho F, Fouad AF. Healing of Apical Periodontitis after Nonsurgical Root Canal Treatment: The Role of Statin Intake. J Endod. 2018 Sep;44(9):1355-1360. Epub 2018/08/07. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.06.013. PubMed PMID: 30078575. (Honorable Mention Award for Second Place in Clinical Research in the Journal of Endodontics for 2018).
    • Aminoshariae A, Kulild J, Fouad, AF. The Impact of Endodontic Infections on the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Disease(s): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Using GRADE. J Endod; 2018 Sep;44(9):1361-1366. e3. Epub 2018/08/07. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.06.011. PubMed PMID: 30078571.
    • Al Saeed T, Nosrat A, Melo MA, Wang P, Romberg E, Xu HH, Fouad AF. Antibacterial Efficacy and Discoloration Potential of Endodontic Topical Antibiotics. J Endod Jul; 2018 44(7):1110-1114. PubMed PMID: 29803336.
    • Gordon SM, Mischenko AV, Fouad AF. Effects of Bupivacaine versus Lidocaine on Inflammatory Regulation. Appl Clin Pharmacol Toxicol: ACPT-106; 2017 (01):1-8.
    • Qin W, Huang Q, Weir MD, Song Z, Fouad AF, Lin Z, Zhao L, Xu HH. Alcohol Inhibits Odontogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Cells by Activating mTOR Signaling. Stem Cells Int. 2017, https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8717454. PubMed PMID: 29062364; PMCID: PMC5618757.
    • Fouad, A.F. Microbial factors and antimicrobial strategies in dental pulp regeneration. J Endod 2017 Sep; 43(9S):S46-S50. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.06.010. Epub 2017/08/01. PubMed PMID: 28778502.
    • Aminoshariae A, Kulild J, Mickel A, Fouad A.F. Association between Systemic Diseases and Endodontic Outcome: A Systematic Review. J Endod (2017);43(4):514-519. doi: 10.1016j.joen.2016.11.008. Epub 2017/02/09. PubMed PMID: 28190585.
    • Fouad, A.F. Endodontic Microbiology and Pathobiology: Current State of Knowledge. Dent Clin N Am, 61: (2017) 1–15. doi: 10.1016/j.cden.2016.08.001. PubMed PMID: 27912812.
    • Verma P, Nosrat N, Kim JR, Price JB, Wang P, Bair E, Xu HH, Fouad AF. The Effect of Residual Bacteria on the Outcome of Pulp Regeneration in-vivo J Dent Res (2017); 96(1):100-106. Doi: 10.1177/0022034516671499. P PMID: 27694153.
    • Slaton KP, Huffer MD, Wikle EJ, Zhang J, Morrow CD, Rhodes SC, Eleazer PD. 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene Sequencing to Evaluate the Effects of 6 Commonly Prescribed Antibiotics. J Endod. 2017 Dec;43(12):1984-1989. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.07.001. Epub 2017 Oct 9. PMID: 29032821.