Being able to draw accurate conclusions from childhood obesity trials is important to make advances in reversing the obesity epidemic. However, obesity research sometimes is not conducted or reported to appropriate scientific standards. A team of researchers, including Drs. Shima Dowla (alumna and current MD candidate) and Kevin Fontaine, both from the Department of Health Behavior at University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, collaborated on this review and guide.

To constructively draw attention to this issue, the authors present 10 errors that are commonly committed, illustrate each error with examples from the childhood obesity literature, and follow with suggestions on how to avoid these errors.

These errors are as follows:

• using self-reported outcomes and teaching to the test;
• foregoing control groups and risking regression to the mean creating differences over time;
• changing the goal posts;
• ignoring clustering in studies that randomize groups of children;
• following the forking paths, subsetting, p-hacking, and data dredging;
• basing conclusions on tests for significant differences from baseline;
• equating “no statistically significant difference” with “equally effective”;
• ignoring intervention study results in favor of observational analyses;
• using one-sided testing for statistical significance; and
• stating that effects are clinically significant even though they are not statistically significant.

The authors hope that compiling these errors in one article will serve as the beginning of a checklist to support fidelity in conducting, analyzing, and reporting childhood obesity research.