Hypothesis: Development of a novel f-LIBS/LEAFS (femto- laser induced breakdown spectroscopy/laser excited atomic fluorescence spectroscopy) and mid-IR frequency comb “Optical Nose” systems will enable ultrasensitive and rapid detection of Cd, Mn, As, and biomarkers associated with exposure to these metals.

Aim 1: To develop the f-LIBS/LEAFS platform to measure heavy metals.

Aim 2: To develop the f-LIBS/LEAFS platform in conjunction with confocal microscopy to detect heavy metals.  

Aim 3: To develop a portable “Optical Nose” based on middle-infrared frequency combs.