UAB DENTISRTY IMPACT

Behind the Beak

Written by Lynne Jarreau | Photo by Andrea Mabry

How UAB Dentistry’s expertise helped restore a zoo bird’s missing beak

One day, Chris Seidenfaden walked into Dr. Michael Kase’s office with an unusual request.

“We need to discuss a patient.”

The patient was not human.

A veterinarian from the Birmingham Zoo had contacted Seidenfaden about a green aracari named Beauregard who had lost part of his upper beak. The injury affected one of the bird’s most important tools for eating, climbing, grooming, and interacting with his environment. The question was simple: Could UAB School of Dentistry help?

The answer ultimately became a custom-designed prosthetic beak that allowed Beauregard to return to normal activities. The project attracted attention well beyond Birmingham, including recognition by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums, which shared the story with its international audience.

But the prosthetic itself is only part of the story.

Behind the beak was a team of dental specialists, laboratory experts, and years of investment in digital dentistry, all working together to solve a challenge few would expect to arrive at a dental school.

An unexpected patient

For Kase, a maxillofacial prosthodontist and associate professor in the UAB Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, and Seidenfaden, a dental prosthetist in the UAB Department of Restorative Sciences, the first challenge was understanding their patient.

There were immediate questions.

Was Beauregard still growing? Would a prosthesis need to be replaced over time? What was a bird’s beak actually made of? Could dental materials bond to it? If not, how could the prosthesis be secured?

“We had so many questions,” Kase said.

The logistics added another layer of complexity. Unlike a traditional patient visit, every appointment required close coordination with zoo veterinarians and staff. The bird needed to be sedated, and the team had limited opportunities to gather information during each visit.

The bird's care was overseen by the UAB Animal Resources Program throughout the treatment process.

“The first time we brought him in for imaging, the zoo brought its own imaging equipment,” Kase said. “Following that visit, we worked with the zoo to complete the remainder of the appointments on site.”

Those early appointments focused on observation and research.

“Simply, I tried to learn as much about the bird and its function as possible,” Seidenfaden said. “How he uses his beak. What type of makeup the beak is. And the general weight of a normal beak.”

Solving the problem

As the team learned more, they discovered that many of the same principles used in prosthodontics applied directly to their new patient.

The beak is composed largely of keratin, the same protein found in human fingernails. The zoo provided beak material for testing, allowing the team to evaluate bonding options and determine which dental materials would perform best.

“Normal dental materials used every day in human patients fit the bill,” Seidenfaden said.

The team also knew bonding alone would not be enough. Unlike a human patient, Beauregard could not be instructed to be careful with a new prosthesis. Durability and retention would be critical. After evaluating options, the team selected small fixation screws commonly used in oral and maxillofacial surgery to provide mechanical retention.

“Given the inability to communicate with the bird to tell him to be gentle, we assumed we would need mechanical retention as well,” Kase said.

Color became another unexpected consideration.

“We learned that the beak coloration was very important,” Kase said. “Birds visually recognize and evaluate colors.”

Every decision required balancing multiple factors including fit, weight, durability, appearance, and function.

“The real research started then,” Seidenfaden said. “Finding things that were comparable and compatible.”

Advanced digital dentistry at work

Although the case was unusual, the technology and workflow were familiar.

The team initially attempted to capture a digital scan. Because of the bird’s anatomy and clinical circumstances, traditional impressions proved to be the better option.

Photo credit: Andrea MabrySeidenfaden created an impression of the bird's beak, then used it to produce a physical replica that was scanned into a digital model. From there, the process looked very much like advanced prosthodontic care for a human.

The prosthesis was designed digitally, refined on a computer, and fabricated using 3D printing technology available within the School of Dentistry’s laboratory facilities

While the case was unusual, the expertise behind it was years in the making. Over the past decade, the School of Dentistry has expanded its digital dentistry and laboratory capabilities through investments in advanced design, manufacturing, and fabrication technologies. The D. Thomas Winstead Student Laboratory helped establish an environment where faculty, residents, and laboratory specialists could develop expertise in digital workflows, custom prosthetics, and patient-specific solutions.

See Behind the Beak Infographic TextTechnology played an important role, but Kase emphasizes that expertise remained the driving force.

“The only reason we are doing these is because of Chris,” Kase said. “His ingenuity and skill make this all possible.”

Kase also credits Dr. Jay Ponto, also of UAB Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, whose surgical expertise helped with placement of the fixation screws, along with prosthodontic fellows Dr. Abdullah Albaghli and Dr. Russell Smith, who contributed to planning, treatment, documentation, and ongoing scholarly work related to the case.

A perfect fit

After months of planning and preparation, the prosthesis fit immediately.

“Actually no,” Kase said when asked whether adjustments were needed after placement. “This one fit like a glove and required no adjustments.”

Today, Beauregard is adjusting well.

“He is doing great,” Kase said. “Can fly with ease, has been able to eat his normal diet, and is overall back to normal as far as a prosthodontist can tell of an animal.”

Because the bird had completed his growth, the team designed the prosthesis as a long-term solution.

“We feel the retention is quite adequate for his use of the beak,” Kase said. “So it should be there for the long haul.”

The same principles, a different patient

Beauregard’s story captured attention because it is unusual. The expertise behind it is not.

Photo credit: Mary SimsEvery day, UAB’s prosthodontic and maxillofacial prosthetic teams apply the same principles to help patients recovering from cancer, trauma, and congenital conditions regain function and quality of life. Understanding anatomy. Selecting materials. Designing custom solutions. Solving complex problems.

Before treatment began, Kase said the team first needed to understand “who” Beauregard was and what purpose the beak served. That approach reflects the foundation of prosthodontic care.

The patient happened to be a bird.

The process was pure prosthodontics.

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Looking for an opportunity to gain valuable exposure to laboratory research?

UAB School of Dentistry participates in and hosts students through several campus-based biomedical sciences summer partnerships. Students from the UAB Center for Community Outreach Development (CORD) and the UAB Minority Health & Health Equity Research Center (MHERC) are placed in the school’s various labs, giving them valuable exposure to laboratory research. Faculty are also available to mentor and provide lectures for the UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center’s Partnership Research Student Training Program (PRSTP).

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The UAB Student Research Group (SRG) is the School of Dentistry's dynamic local student-run chapter of the American Association of Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Research National Student Research Group (AADOCR NSRG). Our mission is to promote and showcase our interdisciplinary basic science, translational, and clinical research activities, provide researchers with resources in professional development, and facilitate collaborations within UAB and the community.

"UAB SOD research is fueled by a vibrant community of dental students, graduate students, dual-degree trainees, residents, and postdoctoral fellows. Supported by dedicated faculty mentors and advisors, our researchers have access to state-of-the-art laboratories and resources from leading organizations such as the NIH’s National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research."

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Where student research takes center stage.

At UAB School of Dentistry, research isn’t just part of what we do—it’s the main event. Scholars Symposium is our premier annual showcase, where students step into the spotlight to present groundbreaking work across the spectrum of oral health, dental, and craniofacial research.

Organized around our six clusters of scientific expertise, the symposium highlights both bench and clinical research, offering a dynamic platform for exploring the methods and discoveries shaping the future of care. Each year, a nationally recognized keynote speaker headlines the event, joined by one of our own expert faculty members who shares insights from their leading-edge work.

More than a presentation—this is a celebration of curiosity, innovation, and the next generation of scientific leaders. At Scholars Symposium, research truly takes center stage.

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Research presented is the work of students -- dental and graduate students, residents, postdoctoral fellows, and college students -- completed during their enrollment at UAB.

A call for abstracts is distributed each December and includes details about participation. Students submit abstracts through the online submission following symposium guidelines. Once approved, each participant prepares a poster describing the background, objectives, results, and conclusions of their research project. Judges from the UAB research community review the presentations, and awards are given in basic science, clinical science, table clinic, and scholarly activity categories.

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A Legacy of Learning

Dr. Perng-Ru Liu provided more than three decades of leadership in prosthodontics and comprehensive dentistry at the UAB School of Dentistry. A passionate educator and mentor, he was deeply committed to continuing dental education and lifelong learning—often concluding each CE year by offering enriching educational opportunities for both dentists and dental hygienists.

In recognition of his enduring impact on the School of Dentistry and the countless lives he touched—faculty, staff, students, alumni, and the practice community alike—UAB Continuing Dental Education established this annual lecture in his memory. The Dr. Perng-Ru Liu Memorial Lecture stands as a tribute to his legacy of learning, his dedication to excellence, and his unwavering belief in the power of education to transform lives and elevate patient care.

About Dr. Liu

Dr. Perng-Ru Liu received his Doctor of Dental Surgery degree from Chung-Shan Medical University in Taiwan in 1985. He joined UAB as a clinical instructor in Restorative Dentistry in 1990, then received his Master of Science in Dental Materials from UAB in 1992 and his Doctor of Dental Medicine degree in 1999. He was the founding chair for the Department of Comprehensive Dentistry (2000-09), and also chaired the Department of Prosthodontics (2009-12) and the Department of Restorative Sciences (2012-19). In 2014, Liu was named the inaugural holder of the Thomas P. Hinman Dental Meeting Endowed Professorship in Comprehensive Dentistry. He was appointed Associate Dean of Clinical Affairs in 2020, a position he held until his passing in November 2022.

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